Hubungan Pemeliharaan Anjing dengan Risiko Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies di Sajingan dan Entikong (Wilayah perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia)

Aizhar Safaldy; Andri Dwi Hernawan; Elly Trisnawati; Iskandar Arfan

doi:10.25311/keskom.Vol11.Iss3.2285

Articles

Open Access

The Relationship Between Dog-Keeping Practices and the Risk of Rabies-Transmitting Animal Bites in Sambas and the Sanggau–Entikong Border Area

Aizhar Safaldy ¹

^ROR , Andri Dwi Hernawan ¹

^ROR , Elly Trisnawati ¹

^ROR , Iskandar Arfan ¹

^ROR

¹ Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak ROR

Published 2025-11-30

Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025) PAGES 475-485

DOI 10.25311/keskom.Vol11.Iss3.2285

Views / Downloads 971 655

Download PDF

Abstract

Rabies remains a public health issue in the Indonesia–Malaysia border region. In early 2025, 16 suspected rabies-transmitting animal bite (GHPR) cases were reported in Sambas, while Sanggau also shows consistently high numbers. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024, involving 348 purposively selected dog-owning households. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations and analyzed with Chi-Square and multivariate logistic regression. Keeping other animals, interaction with stray dogs, and irregular feeding were significantly linked to GHPR. The most influential factor was interaction with stray dogs (OR = 4.690). When all three factors occurred together, the predicted probability of GHPR reached 98.5%. Rabies prevention should focus on reducing contact between owned and stray dogs, supported by regular feeding, vaccination, and health monitoring.

References

1

1. Nadin-Davis SA. Special Issue “Advances in Rabies Research.” Viruses. 2023;15(7):10–2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071557

2

2. Rupprecht CE, Dietzschold B. Special issue: Rabies symptoms, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2017;2(4):8–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed2040059

3

3. Singh R, Singh KP, Cherian S, Saminathan M, Kapoor S, Reddy GBM, et al. Rabies – Epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: A comprehensive review. Vet Q [Internet]. 2017;37(1):212–51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2017.1343516 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2017.1343516

4

4. Henderson H, Carpenter LR, Dunn JR. Rabies risk and use of post-exposure prophylaxis associated with dog bites in Tennessee. Zoonoses Public Health. 2018;65(4):425–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12451

5

5. Mamoto GG, Gosal R, Liando DM. Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Penanggulangan Hewan Beresiko Rabies Di Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara (Studi Di Dinas Pertanian Kab. Minahasa Tenggara). J Gov. 2021;1(2):1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36412/jan.v2i2.2514

6

6. Okeme SS, Kia GS, Mshelbwala PP, Umoh JU, Magalhães RJS. Profiling the public health risk of canine rabies transmission in Kogi state, Nigeria. One Heal [Internet]. 2020;10(July):100154. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100154

7

7. WHO. Rabies Fact Sheet. 2023; Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies

8

8. WHO. Presence of dog-mediated human rabies: 2022. 2023; Available from: https://apps.who.int/neglected_diseases/ntddata/rabies/rabies.html

9

9. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hingga April 2023 ada 11 Kasus Kematian Karena Rabies, Segera ke Faskes jika Digigit Anjing! 2023;

10

10. Dinas Kesehatan Kalimantan Barat. Dinkes Kalbar Catat 1.561 Kasus Rabies Sepanjang 2024. 2024;

11

11. Diskominfo Sambas. Ini Pertimbangan Penetapan Status Tanggap Darurat dan KLB Rabies di Kabupaten Sanggau. 2025; Available from: https://diskominfo.sanggau.go.id/berita/read/ini-pertimbangan-penetapan-status-tanggap-darurat-dan-klb-rabies-di-kabupaten-sanggau

12

12. Dinkes Sambas. Waspada Musim Hujan, Dinkes Sambas Ingatkan Ancaman Penyakit Menular. 2025; Available from: https://www.suarakalbar.co.id/2025/09/waspada-musim-hujan-dinkes-sambas-ingatkan-ancaman-penyakit-menular/

13

13. Mshelbwala PP, Soares Magalhães RJ, Weese JS, Ahmed NO, Rupprecht CE, Clark NJ. Modelling modifiable factors associated with the probability of human rabies deaths among self-reported victims of dog bites in Abuja, Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023;17(2):1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011147

14

14. Kanankege KST, Errecaborde KM, Wiratsudakul A, Wongnak P, Yoopatthanawong C, Thanapongtharm W, et al. Identifying high-risk areas for dog-mediated rabies using Bayesian spatial regression. One Heal [Internet]. 2022;15(April):100411. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100411

15

15. Konopeltsev I, Nikitins G, Anipchenko P. Hygiene of Dog keeping. 2023;4–6.

16

16. Leonard EK, Pearl DL, Finley RL, Janecko N, Peregrine AS, Reid-Smith RJ, et al. Evaluation of Pet-Related Management Factors and the Risk of Salmonella spp. Carriage in Pet Dogs from Volunteer Households in Ontario (2005-2006). Zoonoses Public Health. 2011;58(2):140–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01320.x

17

17. Penaforte KM, da Silva ES, de Melo SN, Soares PHA, Gonçalves CM de S, Ribeiro RAN, et al. Factors associated with adherence to the principles of responsible companion animal guardianship in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. Prev Vet Med. 2024 Jun 1;227:106207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106207

18

18. Divol G, Priymenko N. A new model for evaluating maintenance energy requirements in dogs: Allometric equation from 319 pet dogs. J Nutr Sci. 2017;6:1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2017.50

19

19. Jacobs JA, Coe JB, Pearl DL, Widowski TM, Niel L. Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners [Internet]. Vol. 161, Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Elsevier B.V.; 2018. 143–153 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.005

20

20. Sartore S, Moretti R, Chessa S, Sacchi P. Genetic and Gene-by-Environment Influences on Aggressiveness in Dogs: A Systematic Review from 2000 to 2024. Animals. 2025;15(15):2267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15152267

21

21. Monica I, Utami R, Batan W, Ketut Gunata I. Sistem Pemeliharaan Anjing dan Tingkat Pemahaman Masyarakat terhadap Penyakit Rabies di Kabupaten Badung, Bali (Dog Maintenance System and Level of Community Discussion of Rabies Diseases in District Badung, Bali). Indones Med Veterinus Oktober [Internet]. 2018;7(5):2477–6637. Available from: http://ojs.unud.ac.id/php.index/imvTelp/Fax:

22

22. Davlin SL, VonVille HM. Canine rabies vaccination and domestic dog population characteristics in the developing world: A systematic review. Vaccine. 2012;30(24):3492–502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.069

23

23. Howell H, Baslington-Davies A, Mills DS, Hogue TE. Risk factors for human-directed aggression by dogs: The human side of the problem. A two-part systematic review and narrative synthesis. Appl Anim Behav Sci [Internet]. 2025;284(February):106552. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106552 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106552

24

24. Casey RA, Loftus B, Bolster C, Richards GJ, Blackwell EJ. Human directed aggression in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris): Occurrence in different contexts and risk factors. Appl Anim Behav Sci [Internet]. 2014;152:52–63. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.12.003

25

25. Mills DS, Demontigny-Bédard I, Gruen M, Klinck MP, McPeake KJ, Barcelos AM, et al. Pain and problem behavior in cats and dogs. Animals. 2020;10(2):1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020318

26

26. Mariti C, Gazzano A, Moore JL, Baragli P, Chelli L, Sighieri C. Perception of dogs’ stress by their owners. J Vet Behav Clin Appl Res [Internet]. 2012;7(4):213–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2011.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2011.09.004

27

27. Tami G, Gallagher A. Description of the behaviour of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) by experienced and inexperienced people. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2009;120(3–4):159–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2009.06.009

28

28. Wicaksono A, Zahid A, Sudarnika E, Rotinsulu DA, Lukman DW, Murtini S, et al. Seroprevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Rabies pada Anjing di Daerah Endemis Kabupaten Sukabumi. J Ilmu Pertan Indones. 2021;26(3):436–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.3.436

29

29. Roland S, Benjamin E, Patrick BV, Juana M, Derrick A. Seroprevalence and predisposing factors of rabies antibodies in unvaccinated dogs in Sierra Leone. Vet Med Sci. 2022;8(6):2345–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.946

30

30. Kasempimolporn S, Sichanasai B, Saengseesom W, Puempumpanich S, Chatraporn S, Sitprija V. Prevalence of rabies virus infection and rabies antibody in stray dogs: A survey in Bangkok, Thailand. Prev Vet Med. 2007;78(3–4):325–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.11.003

31

31. Ghosh S, Chowdhury S, Haider N, Bhowmik RK, Rana MS, Prue Marma AS, et al. Awareness of rabies and response to dog bites in a Bangladesh community. Vet Med Sci. 2016;2(3):161–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.30

32

32. WHO. Zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030: insights from modelling. Gates Open Res. 2019;3:1564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13074.1

33

33. Subedi D, Chandran D, Subedi S, Acharya KP. Ecological and Socioeconomic Factors in the Occurrence of Rabies: A Forgotten Scenario. Infect Dis Rep. 2022;14(6):979–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/idr14060097

34

34. Cliquet F, Picard-Meyer E, Robardet E. Rabies in Europe: What are the risks? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014;12(8):905–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2014.921570

35

35. Yousaf MZ, Qasim M, Zia S, Rehman Khan MU, Ashfaq UA, Khan S. Rabies molecular virology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Virol J. 2012;9:1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-50

36

36. Wallace RM, Undurraga EA, Blanton JD, Cleaton J, Franka R. Elimination of dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030: Needs assessment and alternatives for progress based on dog vaccination. Front Vet Sci. 2017;4(FEB). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00009

37

37. Landsberg, G. M., Hunthausen, W. L., & Ackerman LJ. Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat (3rd ed.). 2013.

38

38. Miller K, Touroo R, Spain C, Jones K, Reid P, Lockwood R. Relationship Between Scarring and Dog Aggression in Pit Bull-Type Dogs Involved in Organized Dogfighting. Animals. 2016;6(11):72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6110072

39

39. Camps T, Amat M, Mariotti VM, Le Brech S, Manteca X. Pain-related aggression in dogs: 12 clinical cases. J Vet Behav Clin Appl Res. 2012;7(2):99–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2011.08.002

40

40. Barcelos AM, Mills DS, Zulch H. Clinical indicators of occult musculoskeletal pain in aggressive dogs. Vet Rec. 2015;176(18):465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.102823

41

41. Fagundes ALL, Hewison L, McPeake KJ, Zulch H, Mills DS. Noise sensitivities in dogs: An exploration of signs in dogs with and without musculoskeletal pain using qualitative content analysis. Front Vet Sci. 2018;5(FEB). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00017

42

42. Messam LLM V., Kass PH, Chomel BB, Hart LA. Risk factors for dog bites occurring during and outside of play: Are they different? Prev Vet Med [Internet]. 2012;107(1–2):110–20. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.007

43

43. Amat M, Manteca X, Mariotti VM, Ruiz de la Torre JL, Fatjó J. Aggressive behavior in the English cocker spaniel. J Vet Behav Clin Appl Res. 2009;4(3):111–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2008.08.010

44

44. Marder, A. R, & Shabelansky A. Food-related aggression in shelter dogs: A comparison of behavior identified by a behavior evaluation in the shelter and owner reports after adoption. 2015;

45

45. Lyle S, Bauer AE, Farnworth MJ. Persistence of food guarding across conditions of free and scheduled feeding in shelter dogs. Appl Anim Behav Sci [Internet]. 2017; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.03.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.03.004

The Relationship Between Dog-Keeping Practices and the Risk of Rabies-Transmitting Animal Bites in Sambas and the Sanggau–Entikong Border Area

Abstract

References

How to Cite

Similar Articles

The Relationship Between Dog-Keeping Practices and the Risk of Rabies-Transmitting Animal Bites in Sambas and the Sanggau–Entikong Border Area

Abstract

References

How to Cite

Cite Article

Article Update

Similar Articles