Efektivitas Pendidikan Sebaya Berbasis Digital dalam Mendukung Berhenti Merokok pada Remaja: Tinjauan Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol11.Iss3.2372Kata Kunci:
Berhenti Merokok, Pendidikan Sebaya Digital, RemajaAbstrak
Perilaku merokok di kalangan remaja di Indonesia semakin mengkhawatirkan, dengan jumlah perokok aktif mencapai 70 juta orang dan peningkatan signifikan pada kelompok usia 13–15 tahun. Kebiasaan merokok sejak dini meningkatkan risiko adiksi nikotin, penyakit tidak menular, serta beban ekonomi keluarga dan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas pendidikan sebaya berbasis digital dalam meningkatkan motivasi berhenti merokok pada remaja.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis yang dilakukan mengikuti panduan PRISMA 2020. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan ProQuest antara Maret–April 2025. Kriteria inklusi disusun berdasarkan kerangka PICO, mencakup studi kuantitatif yang melibatkan remaja berusia 10–19 tahun dengan intervensi pendidikan sebaya berbasis digital. Sebanyak 10 artikel (4 RCT, 2 kuasi-eksperimen, 2 kohort, dan 2 potong lintang) memenuhi kriteria dan dinilai kualitasnya menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist.
Hasil: Tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa intervensi berbasis sebaya digital secara signifikan meningkatkan efikasi diri, pengetahuan, dan niat berhenti merokok pada remaja. Bentuk intervensi meliputi edukasi sebaya daring, permainan digital, pesan media sosial, hingga modul berbasis sekolah. Sebagian besar studi menunjukkan hasil positif, meskipun terdapat variasi kekuatan bukti akibat perbedaan metodologi, keterbatasan tindak lanjut, dan penggunaan data self-report.
Simpulan: Pendidikan sebaya digital berpotensi menjadi strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi berhenti merokok pada remaja. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain yang lebih ketat dan jangka waktu lebih panjang untuk memperkuat generalisasi temuan ini.
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