Pengaruh Komitmen Manajemen, Fungsi Pengawasan dan Pengetahuan K3 Karyawan terhadap Pengendalian Tindakan Tidak Aman pada Komunitas Pekerja Pertambangan Batubara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol11.Iss3.2370Kata Kunci:
Fungsi pengawasan, komitmen manajemen, pengetahuan K3, pertambangan batubara, tindakan tidak amanAbstrak
Tindakan tidak aman (unsafe action) merupakan penyebab dominan kecelakaan kerja di sektor pertambangan batubara dengan kontribusi mayoritas insiden pada semester I tahun 2024. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh komitmen manajemen, fungsi pengawasan, dan pengetahuan K3 karyawan terhadap pengendalian tindakan tidak aman pada komunitas pekerja pertambangan batubara di Kabupaten Tapin, Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed-methods dengan desain cross-sectional study. Populasi penelitian mencakup 4.704 karyawan PT A dengan sampel 374 responden yang dipilih menggunakan proportionate stratified random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner tervalidasi yang telah melalui uji keterbacaan, validasi ahli (Aiken's V ≥0,75), dan uji reliabilitas (Cronbach's Alpha 0,884-0,931). Analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) dengan software SmartPLS 4.0.9. Model struktural menunjukkan daya penjelas moderat-substansial (R²=0,593; Q²=0,364). Ketiga hipotesis diterima dengan signifikansi p<0,001. Pengetahuan K3 Karyawan merupakan prediktor terkuat (β=0,330; f²=0,172 medium), diikuti Komitmen Manajemen (β=0,283; f²=0,075 small) dan Faktor Pengawasan (β=0,274; f²=0,062 small). Konvergensi temuan kuantitatif dan kualitatif menunjukkan 50,5% responden menekankan pengetahuan K3 sebagai faktor paling berpengaruh, dengan 23,8% responden merekomendasikan prioritas pelatihan aplikatif. Pengendalian tindakan tidak aman lebih bergantung pada pengembangan kompetensi individual dibandingkan faktor organisasional, sejalan dengan Social Cognitive Theory. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi penting bagi kesehatan komunitas, karena peningkatan keselamatan kerja dapat mengurangi beban kecelakaan pada pekerja tambang dan keluarganya. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan menggunakan desain longitudinal untuk mengeksplorasi dampak jangka panjang program K3 terhadap kesehatan komunitas, melakukan analisis cost-benefit komprehensif, mengembangkan model family safety programs, dan mengeksplorasi mekanisme mediasi-moderasi menggunakan multilevel modeling.
Unduhan
Referensi
[1] MODI ESDM, “Data Produksi Tambang,” Kementerian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Republik Indonesia, 2024.
[2] MODI ESDM, “Data Kecelakaan Tambang,” 2024.
[3] Dirjen Minerba, “Pembelajaran Kasus Kecelakaan Tambang Semester I 2024 dan Peningkatan Kewaspadaan Keselamatan Pertambangan,” in APKPI Safety Sharing Session Batch LXXIII, Jakarta, 2024.
[4] P. Marshall, A. Hirmas, and M. Singer, “Heinrich ’ s pyramid and occupational safety : A statistical validation methodology,” Saf. Sci., vol. 101, no. March 2017, pp. 180–189, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2017.09.005.
[5] L. Yang, X. Wang, J. Zhu, and Z. Qin, “Risk Factors Identification of Unsafe Acts in Deep Coal Mine Workers Based on Grounded Theory and,” Front. public Heal., vol. 10, no. March, pp. 1–15, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.852612.
[6] D. Fang et al., “Analysis of interaction path among construction owner ’ s leadership-culture-management behavior ( LCB ) based on association rule mining,” vol. 179, no. August, p. 106632, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106632.
[7] S. Tappura, N. Nenonen, and J. Kivistö-Rahnasto, “Managers ’ viewpoint on factors influencing their commitment to safety : An empirical investigation in five Finnish industrial organisations,” Saf. Sci., vol. 96, pp. 52–61, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2017.03.007.
[8] L. Niu and Y. Liu, “The Relationship Between Leadership Safety Commitment and Resilience Safety Participation Behavior,” Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag., no. February, pp. 517–531, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S349712.
[9] B. A. Setiono and T. Andjarwati, Budaya Keselamatan, Kepemimpinan Keselamatan, Pelatihan Keselamatan, Iklim Keselamatan dan Kinerja. Zifatama Jawara, 2019.
[10] A. M. Basahel, “Safety Leadership , Safety Attitudes , Safety Knowledge and Motivation toward Safety-Related Behaviors in Electrical Substation Construction Projects,” Environ. Res. Public Heal. Artic., vol. 18, pp. 1–17, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph18084196.
[11] E. Ruznaiza and S. Mindiharto, “Hubungan pengawasan dan sosialisasi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) dengan kejadian Unsafe Action di PT X,” J. Kesehat. Masy. Indones., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 37–41, 2024, doi: DOI:10.26714/jkmi.19.4.2024.37-41.
[12] K. A. Levin, “Study design III: Cross-sectional studies,” Evid. Based. Dent., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 24–25, 2006, doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400375.
[13] U. Sekaran and R. Bougie, Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach, Seven Edit. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
[14] J. F. Hair, G. T. M. Hult, and C. M. Ringle, A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). 2017.
[15] R. T. Nabavi and M. S. Bijandi, “A literature review on Bandura ’ s Social Learning Theory & Social Cognitive Learning Theory,” 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267750204%0ABandura’s
[16] A. Neal and M. A. Griffin, “A Study of the Lagged Relationships Among Safety Climate , Safety Motivation , Safety Behavior , and Accidents at the Individual and Group Levels,” vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 946–953, 2006, doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.946.
[17] K. Malcom, the Adult Learnerg A Neglected species, no. 1. Texas: Gulf Publishing Company, 1973. [Online]. Available: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED084368.pdf
[18] Y. Kim, J. Park, and M. Park, “Creating a Culture of Prevention in Occupational Safety and Health Practice,” Saf. Health Work, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 89–96, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2016.02.002.
[19] M. . Cooper, “Towards a model of safety culture,” Saf. Sci., vol. 36, pp. 111–136, 2000.
[20] D. Zohar, “The effects of leadership dimensions, safety climate, and assigned priorities on minor injuries in work groups,” J. Organ. Behav., vol. 23, pp. 75–92, Feb. 2002, doi: 10.1002/job.130.
[21] M. J. Burke, S. A. Sarpy, K. Smith-Crowe, S. Chan-Serafin, R. O. Salvador, and G. Islam, “Relative effectiveness of worker safety and health training methods,” Am. J. Public Health, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 315–324, 2006, doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.059840.
[22] E. S. Geller, Actively Caring for Safety. 2024. doi: 10.1201/9781003438564.
[23] L. S. Robson, J. A. Clarke, K. Cullen, A. Bielecky, C. Severin, and P. L. Bigelow, “The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions : A systematic review The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions : A systematic review,” Saf. Sci. J., vol. 45, no. March, pp. 329–353, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2006.07.003.
[24] International Labour Organization (ILO), Safety and Health at Work: A Vision for Sustainable Prevention. Germany, 2014.
[25] S. Georgiou, M. Thomson, A. Richardson-Owen, and H. Edwards, “Ege Akademik Bakış / Ege Academic Review THE COSTS OF WORKPLACE INJURIES AND WORK-RELATED ILL HEALTH IN THE UK,” vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1035–1046, 2009.
[26] B. A. Israel et al., “Community-based participatory research: A capacity-building approach for policy advocacy aimed at eliminating health disparities,” Am. J. Public Health, vol. 100, no. 11, pp. 2094–2102, 2010, doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.170506.
[27] H. N. Odle-Dusseau, L. B. Hammer, T. L. Crain, and T. E. Bodner, “The influence of family-supportive supervisor training on employee job performance and attitudes: An organizational work-family intervention,” J. Occup. Health Psychol., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 296–308, 2016, doi: 10.1037/a0039961.
[28] A. Grimani, G. Bergström, M. I. R. Casallas, E. Aboagye, I. Jensen, and M. Lohela-Karlsson, “Economic Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Interventions from the Employer Perspective: A Systematic Review,” J. Occup. Environ. Med., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 147–166, 2018, doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001224.
[29] National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Prevention through Plan for the National Initiative. NIOSH Publication, 2011.
[30] K. R. Mcleroy, D. Bibeau, A. Steckler, and K. Glanz, “An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs,” Heal. Educ. Behav., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 351–377, 1988, doi: 10.1177/109019818801500401.
Unduhan
Telah diserahkan
diterima
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
