Efektivitas Dukungan Swabantu (Self Help Group) Dalam meningkatkan Kepatuhan dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Tuberkulosis : Tinjauan Sistematik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol11.Iss3.2408Kata Kunci:
Medication adherence, Quality of life, Self-Help Group (SHGs), TB patientAbstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) menjadi tantangan besar dalam kesehatan global, terutama di negara-negara dengan beban penyakit yang tinggi seperti Indonesia. Ketidakpatuhan pengobatan dan penurunan kualitas hidup pada pasien TB menjadi hambatan dalam upaya pengendalian penyakit. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menelaah bagaimana intervensi kelompok swadaya (self-help group/SHGs) berkontribusi meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat dan kualitas hidup pasien TB. Tinjauan sistematis ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020, dengan pencarian komprehensif dilakukan pada 5 database PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kerangka PICO. Desain penelitian termasuk RCT, kohort, kuasi-eksperimental, dan potong lintang melibatkan pasien TB penerima intervensi SHG diikutsertakan. Delapan studi yang memenuhi kriteria diinklusi dan dikaji secara kritis menggunakan form checklist dari JBI. Delapan artikel penelitian yang dianalisis memiliki variasi dalam desain, karakteristik partisipan, serta bentuk intervensi SHG mencakup kegiatan edukasi pasien, memberikan motivasi, dukungan emosional, pemberdayaan perilaku, dan integrasi dengan pendekatan digital. Pendekatan-pendekatan tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan signifikan untuk kepatuhan pengobatan dan kualitas hidup pasien TB, dengan kualitas metodologi dinilai baik berdasarkan standar JBI. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya model dukungan swabantu (SHG) terstruktur dalam praktik keperawatan, acuan dalam pengembangan intervensi berbasis komunitas dan protokol untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan TB serta kualitas hidup pasien TB. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk berfokus pada uji coba terkontrol secara acak (RCT) dengan populasi yang beragam dan tindak lanjut jangka panjang, termasuk penerapan model hibrid yang melibatkan teknologi digital guna implementasi yang berkelanjutan di wilayah dengan beban TB yang tinggi.
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Referensi
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