Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri: Literatur Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol10.Iss1.1403Kata Kunci:
Kata Kunci: Anemia, Remaja dan Faktor RisikoAbstrak
Anemia merupakan indikator kesehatan gizi buruk yang dapat mempengaruhi pembangunan ekonomi suatu negara, sehingga anemia dikatakan masalah kesehatan global dunia. Prevalensi anemia tahun 2019 secara global 29.9%, Asia tenggara 41,9% dan di Indonesia (Usia 15-49 tahun) sebesar 30.6%. Adanya peningkatan prevalensi anemia remaja; dari 22.7% (Riskesdas 2013) meningkat menjadi 32% pada survei Riskesdas 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor risiko anemia pada remaja putri di beberapa negara. Metode penelitian dengan literatur riview, sumber data sekunder (google scholar,pubmed, Sciencedirect. Hasil: dari review artikel dalam penelitian ini didapatkan prevalensi anemia berkisar 20 % hingga 47.7% Penelitian di Utar Paradesh India sebesar 20%, di Ethiopia sebesar 29.4% dan yang paling tinggi di Pakistan (2019) sebesar 47.9% yang terdiri dari anemia ringan 47.7%, anemia sedang 51.7% dan anemia berat 5.7%. Di Jordan prevalensi anemia 4,9% pada laki-laki, 19,3% pada wanita tidak hamil, dan 27,4% pada wanita hamil. Kesimpulan: pada penelitian literatur ini didapatkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi anemia remaja putri lebih tinggi pada fase remaja akhir, mereka yang tinggal dipedesaan, pendidikan orang tua, tingkat sosial ekonomi rendah, jumlah anggota keluarga, gangguan menstruasi serta asupan rendah akan zat gizi (mikronutrien).Untuk itu peningkatan edukasi kesehatan berbasis pendidikan di sekolah efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dalam mencegah anemia yang dapat berkontribusi nyata dalam mengatasi prioritas masalah kesehatan masyarakat.
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