Langkah - Langkah Progresif dalam Intervensi Reduksi Stigma HIV di Komunitas Tenaga Kesehatan: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol10.Iss1.1785Kata Kunci:
stigma, HIV/AIDS, tenaga kesehatan, pengetahuanAbstrak
Stigma berperan signifikan dalam menciptakan kesenjangan dalam layanan kesehatan yang dialami oleh ODHA, sehingga menjadi faktor penghambat bagi mereka untuk mengakses layanan pencegahan, perawatan, dan pengobatan. Oleh karena itu, peran tenaga kesehatan sangat krusial dalam konteks ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan mengevaluasi secara kritis jenis serta ruang lingkup intervensi yang telah dilakukan untuk mereduksi stigma terkait HIV/AIDS di kalangan tenaga Kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan scoping review terhadap artikel dengan pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui database elektronik, termasuk ScienceDirect, Perpustakaan Cochrane, Embase, Portal Garuda, PubMed, Scopus, dan Sage Journals.Terdapat 14 artikel dibahas dalam tinjauan ini. Intervensi yang berhasil menurunkan stigma yaitu dengan pendekatan individu melalui penyebaran informasi, interaksi dan pelatihan. Selain itu, terdapat pendekatan struktural melalui pengembangan dan penyebarluasan kebijakan di RS, penyediaan marerial untuk memfasilitasi praktek kewaspadaan universal, penambahan kurikulum di sekolah kesehatan. Hasil intervensi memberikan dampak yang signifikan dalam mereduksi stigma di kalangan tenaga kesehatan dengan pendekatan kombinasi menunjukkan keefektifan yang lebih tinggi dibanding pendekatan tunggal. Intervensi yang dilakukan untuk mereduksi stigma tidak cukup dilakukan dengan pendekatan berbasis individu, tetapi juga harus mempertimbangkan intervensi dengan pendekatan struktural. Saran untuk penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menganalisis atau menggali potensi sinergi antara kedua pendekatan ini.
Unduhan
Referensi
Bonda V, Chaseb E, Aggleton P. Stigma, HIV/AIDS and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Zambia. Eval Program Plann. 2002 Nov 1;25(4):347–56.
Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC. HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2003 Dec [cited 2024 Jan 16];79(6):442. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC1744787/?report=abstract
UNAIDS. AIDS epidemic update: December 2006. Geneva; 2006.
UNAIDS. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. 2013.
UNAIDS. Evidence for eliminating HIV-related stigma and discrimination [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Jan 16]. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2020/eliminating-discrimination-guidance
Chen WT, Han M, Holzemer WL. Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to HIV transmission in northeastern China. AIDS Patient Care STDS [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2024 Jan 16];18(7):417–22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15307930/
Riri Maharani. Stigmatization and Discrimination People Living With HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) At Pekanbaru Health Service In 2014. J Community Health [Internet]. 2014 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Jan 16];2(5):225–32. Available from: https://jurnal.htp.ac.id/index.php/keskom/article/view/79
Agroia H, Sen S. Manifestation of HIV stigma and stigma-reducing interventions among service providers. Int J Soc Sci [Internet]. 2023 May 30 [cited 2024 Mar 12];6(2):94–117. Available from: https://sloap.org/journal/index.php/ijss/article/view/2115
Okpua NC, Godwin C A. Healthcare providers in Nigerian hospitals and HIV-related stigma: a systematic review. J Commun Healthc [Internet]. 2023 Apr 3 [cited 2024 Mar 12];16(2):170–9. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17538068.2022.2121596
Piot P. AIDS: from crisis management to sustained strategic response. Lancet (London, England) [Internet]. 2006 Aug 5 [cited 2024 Jan 16];368(9534):526–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890840/
Parker R, Aggleton P. HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2024 Jan 16];57(1):13–24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12753813/
Ogden J, Nyblade L. Common at its Core: HIV-Related Stigma Across Contexts. 2005;
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Antes G, Atkins D, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2009 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Jan 16];6(7). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19621072/
Porritt K, Gomersall J, Lockwood C. JBI’s Systematic Reviews: Study selection and critical appraisal. Am J Nurs [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2024 Jan 16];114(6):47–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24869584/
UNAIDS. Reduction of HIV-related stigma and discrimination [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2024 Jan 16]. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2014/ReductionofHIV-relatedstigmaanddiscrimination
Ekstrand ML, Raj T, Heylen E, Nyblade L, Devdass D, Pereira M, et al. Reducing HIV stigma among healthcare providers in India using a partly tablet-administered intervention: the DriSti trial. AIDS Care [Internet]. 2020 May 13 [cited 2024 Jan 15];32(sup2):14–22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32151146/
Varas-Díaz N, Neilands TB, Cintrón-Bou F, Marzán-Rodríguez M, Santos-Figueroa A, Santiago-Negrón S, et al. Testing the efficacy of an HIV stigma reduction intervention with medical students in Puerto Rico: the SPACES project. J Int AIDS Soc [Internet]. 2013 Nov [cited 2024 Jan 15];16(3Suppl 2). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3833102/
Shah SM, Heylen E, Srinivasan K, Perumpil S, Ekstrand ML. Reducing HIV stigma among nursing students: a brief intervention. West J Nurs Res [Internet]. 2014 Nov 11 [cited 2024 Jan 15];36(10):1323–37. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569699/
Batey DS, Whitfield S, Mulla M, Stringer KL, Durojaiye M, McCormick L, et al. Adaptation and Implementation of an Intervention to Reduce HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Workers in the United States: Piloting of the FRESH Workshop. AIDS Patient Care STDS [Internet]. 2016 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Jan 15];30(11):519–27. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27849373/
Langi GG, Rahadi A, Praptoraharjo I, Ahmad RA. HIV-related stigma and discrimination among health care workers during early program decentralization in rural district Gunungkidul, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Jan 16];22(1):1–12. Available from: https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-022-07751-7
Tavakoli F, Karamouzian M, Rafiei-Rad AA, Iranpour A, Farrokhnia M, Noroozi M, et al. HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Providers in Different Healthcare Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kerman, Iran. Int J Heal policy Manag [Internet]. 2020 Apr 1 [cited 2024 Jan 16];9(4):163–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32331496/
Stangl AL, Lloyd JK, Brady LM, Holland CE, Baral S. A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: how far have we come? J Int AIDS Soc [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2024 Jan 18];16(3Suppl 2). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3833106/
Kutner BA, Vaughn MP, Giguere R, Rodriguez-Hart C, McKinnon K, Kaighobadi F, et al. A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies That Address HIV-Related Stigmas Among US Healthcare Workers and Health Systems: Applying a Theory-Based Ontology to Link Intervention Types, Techniques, and Mechanisms of Action to Potential Effectiveness. Ann Behav Med [Internet]. 2023 Sep 13 [cited 2024 Mar 12];57(10):801–16. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaad022
Ferguson L, Gruskin S, Bolshakova M, Rozelle M, Yagyu S, Kasoka K, et al. Systematic review and quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis of interventions to address HIV-related stigma and discrimination. AIDS [Internet]. 2023 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Mar 12];37(13):1919–39. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/fulltext/2023/11010/systematic_review_and_quantitative_and_qualitative.3.aspx
Mohammadifirouzeh M, Oh KM, Tanner S. HIV Stigma Reduction Interventions Among Health Care Providers and Students in Different Countries: A Systematic Review. Curr HIV Res. 2021 Dec 7;20(1):20–31.
Unduhan
Telah diserahkan
diterima
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium
