Determinasi Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Puskesmas Palaran dan Implikasinya terhadap Mutu Pelayanan Kesehatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol12.Iss1.2355Kata Kunci:
Kepuasan Kerja, Pengawasan, Puskesmas, Promosi JabatanAbstrak
Kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Di Puskesmas Palaran, Kota Samarinda, nilai Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat (IKM) adalah 77,38 (2023) dan 77,55 (2024), sementara beberapa capaian Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) tahun 2024 masih jauh di bawah target 100% (pelayanan kesehatan balita 65,83%; usia produktif 5,08%; lansia 28,01%; dan tuberkulosis 48,33%). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 89 pegawai melalui total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner tervalidasi (Maret–Agustus 2025) dan dianalisis dengan uji Kolmogorov–Smirnov, chi-square, regresi linier berganda, dan regresi logistik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kesempatan promosi, supervisi, dan hubungan antar rekan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja (p<0,05), sedangkan usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, masa kerja, dan status kepegawaian tidak signifikan. Regresi logistik mengidentifikasi kesempatan promosi (p=0,027; Exp(B)=0,159) dan supervisi (p=0,001; Exp(B)=0,202) sebagai prediktor utama. Penguatan mekanisme promosi yang transparan dan supervisi yang suportif berpotensi meningkatkan kepuasan kerja pegawai serta mutu pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas.
Unduhan
Referensi
[1] World Health Organization. Global strategy on human resources for health: Workforce 2030. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
[2] Lu H, Zhao Y, While A. Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019;94:21-31.
[3] Schwendimann R, Zimmermann N, Kung K, Ausserhofer D. Job satisfaction among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study in hospitals of Switzerland. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:231.
[4] Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Kinerja Kementerian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2022.
[5] Karlina E, Putra AA, Nurjannah I. Hubungan kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan dengan mutu pelayanan di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama. J Kesehat Masy Indones. 2023;18(2):112-120.
[6] Weda M. Analisis kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan dan hubungannya dengan pencapaian SPM di Puskesmas. J Admin Kesehatan. 2024;12(1):55-63.
[7] Sitepu BR, Manalu DS. Determinan kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan di layanan primer. J Manaj Kesehatan. 2021;9(3):145-154.
[8] Puskesmas Palaran. Laporan Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat Tahun 2023. Samarinda: UPTD Puskesmas Palaran; 2023.
[9] Puskesmas Palaran. Laporan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Tahun 2024. Samarinda: UPTD Puskesmas Palaran; 2024.
[10] Robbins SP, Judge TA. Organizational Behavior. 16th ed. New Jersey: Pearson; 2015.
[11] Dewi R. Hubungan masa kerja dengan kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan di RSUD Bali. J Kesehatan. 2022;10(1):33-40.
[12] Chongyu L. Age, gender, and job satisfaction: Evidence from healthcare employees in China. Asian J Manage. 2021;15(4):211-218.
[13] Nugroho R, Handayani S, Wulandari RD. Hubungan karakteristik individu dengan kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Kabupaten Sleman. J Kesehat Masy Nas. 2022;17(2):89-97.
[14] Dzomeku VM, Baatiema L, Agbadi P, et al. Job satisfaction and associated factors among healthcare workers in Ghana: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):689. doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05436-0
[15] Zangaro GA, Soeken KL. A meta-analysis of studies of nurses’ job satisfaction. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(4):445-458. doi:10.1002/nur.20202
[16] Hidayati N, Andayani T, Wahyuni S. Determinan kepuasan kerja tenaga medis di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama. J Manaj Kesehatan Indones. 2021;9(3):200-210.
[17] Nguyen LH, Hoang MT, Vu NM, et al. Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in Vietnam and its determinants. Hum Resour Health. 2021;19(1):100. doi:10.1186/s12960-021-00648-5
[18] Adisasmito W, Prasetyo S, Paramastri R. Determinan kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas DKI Jakarta. Kesmas: J Kesehat Masy Nasional. 2020;15(3):144-151.
[19] Rahman HA, Jalil A, Daud N, et al. Job satisfaction and related factors among Malaysian nurses: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15):5436. doi:10.3390/ijerph17155436
[20] Labrague LJ, McEnroe-Petitte DM, Tsaras K, et al. Supervisory support and job satisfaction among frontline nurses: a systematic review. J Nurs Manag. 2018;26(8):962-971. doi:10.1111/jonm.12624
[21] Manurung TH. Faktor Determinan Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Puskesmas. Syntax Literate. 2022;7(11):1123-1135.
[22] Gustavsson J, et al. Healthcare professionals’ experiences of job satisfaction: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):451. doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09568-5
[23] Alkhateeb M, et al. Determinants of job satisfaction among healthcare workers in GCC: a systematic review. Glob Health Action. 2025;18(1):2479910. doi:10.1080/16549716.2025.2479910
[24] Mariani AEA. Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan dan Kinerja. Ecojoin. 2019;6(2):45-55.
[25] Inegbedion H, Inegbedion E, Osifo S, et al. Job satisfaction and turnover intention among health workers in Nigeria. J Health Manag. 2020;22(1):117-129. doi:10.1177/0972063420905018
[26] Ayalew E, Worku A, Hailu C, et al. Job satisfaction and associated factors among nurses in public hospitals of Ethiopia. BMC Nurs. 2019;18:46. doi:10.1186/s12912-019-0374-8
[27] Barili E, et al. Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in the aftermath of COVID-19 in Italy. PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0275334. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275334
[28] Çelmeçe N, Menekay M. The effect of stress, anxiety, and burnout on job satisfaction of healthcare professionals. Front Psychol. 2020;11:576768. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576768
[29] Yu X, Zhao Y, Li Y, et al. Factors associated with job satisfaction of frontline medical staff fighting COVID-19 in China. Front Public Health. 2020;8:426. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00426
[30] Güdük Ö, Vural A. Job satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Gümüşhane Univ J Health Sci. 2022;11(1):54-62. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.888358
[31] Labrague LJ, de Los Santos JAA. Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(3):395-403. doi:10.1111/jonm.13168
[32] Medeni V, et al. Job satisfaction, life satisfaction and associated factors among nurses. Sci Rep. 2025;15:85564. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-85564-4
[33] Aiken LH, Sermeus W, Van den Heede K, et al. Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States. BMJ. 2012;344:e1717. doi:10.1136/bmj.e1717
[34] Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Lake ET, Cheney T. Effects of hospital care environment on patient mortality and nurse outcomes. J Nurs Adm. 2008;38(5):223-229. doi:10.1097/01.NNA.0000312773.42352.d7
[35] Li LZ, Yang P, Singer SJ, Pfeffer J, Mathur MB, Shanafelt T. Nurse Burnout and Patient Safety, Satisfaction, and Quality of Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(11):e2443059. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43059
[36] Ainy A, Sarri MN, Fujiyanti P, et al. Job Satisfaction Among Health Workers at Primary Health Care in Palembang City, Indonesia. Kesmas. 2025;20(2):104-111. doi:10.7454/kesmas.v20i2.2026
[37] Larasati SP, Haksama S. Penerapan Theory of Constraint pada Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya. Indonesian Journal of Health Administration (Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia). 2016;4(2):155-162. doi:10.20473/jaki.v4i2.2016.155-162
Unduhan
Telah diserahkan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
