Analysis of the Risk Factors of Hepatitis A Outbreaks at Islamic Boarding School X, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol10.Iss1.1796Keywords:
Hepatitis A, Hygiene, Outbreaks, SanitationAbstract
In January 2023, an outbreak of Hepatitis A occurred at Islamic Boarding School (IBS) X, Rokan Hilir Regency, which infected many students. This study aims to identify the risk factors for hepatitis A outbreaks. This study uses a case-control design with a ratio of 1:1. Total sample is 232 (116 samples per group). The research population was all students and residents of IBS X. Cases were people who have clinical criteria for hepatitis A according to the doctor's diagnosis. Controls were people who did not experience clinical symptoms of hepatitis A, selected using a consecutive sampling method with matching by age and sex. Data were analyzed univariate, bivariate using a chi-square test, and multivariate using a conditional logistic regression test. This study found that the index case started to feel symptoms on October 20, 2022. The epidemic curve shows a continuous common source pattern. The final model of the regression logistic test obtained two significant variables, namely contact history (OR=9.92, 95% CI: 3.31-29.72, p=<0.001) and unclean nail conditions (OR=4.64, 95% CI: 1.55-13.87, p=0.006). This study concluded that the risk factors for hepatitis A outbreaks at IBS X were contact history and unclean nail conditions. We recommend isolating cases to prevent transmission through contact from cases to healthy people as well as providing adequate facilities for washing hands with soap and increasing education about healthy behavior to maintain good nail cleanliness and personal hygiene conditions for all students and residents of IBS X.
Downloads
References
Hawker, J. et al. Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook. (Standards Information Network, 2018).
Ozaras, R. & Arends, J. E. Viral Hepatitis: Acute Hepatitis. (Springer International Publishing, Basel, Switzerland, 2019).
Vos, T. et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 388, 1545–1602 (2016).
Jacobsen, K. H. Globalization and the Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 8, a031716 (2018).
World Health Organization. Hepatitis A. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a (2023).
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Buku Pedoman Penyelidikan Dan Penanggulangan Kejadian Luar Biasa Penyakit Menular Dan Keracunan Makanan (Pedoman Epidemiologi Penyakit). (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta, 2017).
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2021. (2022).
Martini, S. & Suryadi Rahman, F. Determinants of Hepatitis A Infection among Students: A Case Study of an Outbreak in Jember, Indonesia. J. Public Health Res. 11, jphr.2021.2309 (2022).
Laila, N. H., Mahkota, R., Sariwati, E. & Setiabudi, D. A. Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) Hepatitis A di Kabupaten Tangerang Tahun 2016. J. Epidemiol. Kesehat. Indones. 2, (2019).
Ananda, I., Syarif, S. & Nurlina, A. Faktor-Faktor yang Berkontribusi Terhadap Kejadian Luar Biasa Hepatitis A di Pesantren X Kab. Cirebon, Januari 2018. J. Epidemiol. Kesehat. Indones. 3, (2020).
Lwanga, S. K. & Lemeshow, S. Sample Size Determination in Health Studies: A Practical Manual. (World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991).
World Health Organization. Hepatitis A Outbreaks Toolbox. (2019).
Boston University. Continuous Common Source Epidemic. https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/sparta/html/19.html.
CDC. CDC LC Quick Learn: Using an Epi Curve to Determine Mode of Spread. https://www.cdc.gov/training/quicklearns/epimode/.
Public Health England. Public health control and management of hepatitis A, 2017 Guidelines. (2017).
Badar, A. et al. Assessment of risk factors associated with outbreak of hepatitis A in Shakrial, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. 17, 111–117 (2023).
Rajaratnam, G., Patel, M., Parry, J. V., Perry, K. R. & Palmer, S. R. An outbreak of hepatitis A: school toilets as a source of transmission. J. Public Health Med. 14, 72–7 (1992).
Sumarni, I. & Susanna, D. Kondisi Kesehatan Lingkungan Pesantren dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Siswa dengan Kejadian Hepatitis. Kesmas J. Kesehat. Masy. Nas. Natl. Public Health J. 9, 179–186 (2014).
Sasoka, D. S. & Satyabakti, P. Hubungan Antara Higiene Perseorangan Dengan Kejadian Hepatitis A Pada Pelajar/Mahasiswa. J. Berk. Epidemiol. 2, 331–341 (2014).
Apriliana, F., Amirus, K. & Febrianti, C. A. Hubungan Perilaku Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun, Konsumsi Jajan Sehat Dan Penggunaan Jamban Sehat dengan Kejadian Hepatitis A Pada Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Raudhatul Huda Al Islami Kabupaten Pesawaran. J. Dunia Kesmas 3, (2014).
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal kesehatan komunitas (Journal of community health)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium
